Annotated Argument-The Belle Curve Essay - 6621 Words

Table of Contents nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The Bell Curve Chapter 1 – â€Å"Cognitive Class and Education, 1900-1990 1)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It is not just the case that more people are going to college, but that the brighter students are the ones attending. 2)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Admission became more related to I.Q. than in the past. 3)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There is a small part of the population that are expected to fill positions of power, yet they cannot relate to the majority of the population. Chapter 2 – â€Å"Cognitive Partitioning By Occupation 1)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The correlation between I.Q. and job status is high. 2)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Family members typically resemble each†¦show more content†¦2)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;People with lower IQ’s tend to get injured more often than those with high IQ’s. Chapter 8 – â€Å"Family Matters† 1)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;People with low I.Q.’s tend to have lower marriage rates than those with higher I.Q.’s. 2)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The higher the I.Q., the lower the probability of divorce and/or illegitimacy. 3)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Children of divorced parents have an elevated risk of getting divorced. 4)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The combination of poverty and welfare cause women to have illegitimate babies. Chapter 9 – â€Å"Welfare Dependency† 1)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Women on welfare have less education than women not on welfare. 2)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;White women with above-average cognitive ability or socioeconomic background rarely become welfare recipients. Chapter 10 – â€Å"Parenting† 1)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Smart women are better mothers and provide a better environment for their children. 2)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Middle-class parents are better parents than that of the working-class. 3)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mother’s I.Q. is strongly related to a child’s I.Q. (heredity). Chapter 11 – â€Å"Crime† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; 1)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There is a link between cognitive ability

Discuss psychological explanations of one eating disorder Free Essays

Discuss Psychological explanations of one eating disorder. (8+16) Psychological explanations of obesity Include the psychodrama and the behaviorism approach. Behaviorism suggests three means by which obesity may occur; classical conditioning, operant conditioning and social learning theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss psychological explanations of one eating disorder or any similar topic only for you Order Now There Is a great deal of evidence for the behavioral explanation. Classical conditioning is where eating becomes associated with other behaviors that are often routine, leading to eating when not hungry for example snacking whilst watching TV. Evidence for this as a cause of obesity comes from Fletcher et alls ‘Do something different’ study which shows how breaking such habitual associations prevents overeating, and so leads to weight loss, even for people who are not actually dieting. Furthermore, evidence for the role of operant conditioning, which is related to food being used as a reward, comes from Wanting at al who noted that people can turn to food and eat excessively for comfort, using food as a reward. However, operant conditioning alone cannot explain obesity, as we know there are biological factors which affect how rewarding retain foods are, therefore the behavioral approach as an explanation of obesity can be seen as reductionism. Operant conditioning, although not offering a full explanation for the causes of obesity, does have some good practical applications. Techniques using operant conditioning have been very successful in reinforcing healthy eating practices. Devoid and Yankton found Up’s on such a programmer has an average weight loss of between 1 5 and 20 Lbs on the scheme. However, Just because it is successful in treating the eating disorder doesn’t mean it can be seen as a viable cause for obesity. Social Learning theory is the third means by which the behaviorism approach suggests obesity may occur and it suggests that obesity is due to observing and imitating obese role models, particularly people we identify with in some way. In order for this to be valid, the relationship between one obese person and the role models around them has to be assessed. Chalks and Fowler did Just that and found that a person’s chance of becoming obese Increased by 57% If they had a friend who became obese. However, although many extraneous variables were enthroned in this study, it was still only correlation in nature and correlation does not indicate causation meaning other factors such as biology or culture cannot be ruled out as other possible contributing factors to obesity. Although there is a great deal of evidence to support the behaviorism approach it can be seen as limited as it ignores biological and genetic factors that also have a great deal of support with regards to causing obesity, egg Standard et al who found a strong relationship between adopted and genetic mother’s weight and no relationship between adopted and adoptive arena’s weight. However, taking the deterministic nature of the behaviorism approach as a positive It does have an optimistic message with regards to beating obesity. Due to the fact the basis of the behaviorism approach Is that all behaviors are learned and can therefore be unlearned, means that obese people may be more willing to try dieting and other forms of lifestyle change more readily than if they futile. There is a problem with this view however as it focuses on the role of nurture rather than nature which can often cause blame to be put onto parents for their bees children. While in some cases this can have a positive effect as the parent realizes the necessity of educating their child on healthy food choices and not associating certain activities with food, it can also raise ethical issues as families are not protected from potential emotional harm from being blamed for their obese child’s health issues. In addition to the behaviorism explanation of obesity, the psychodrama explanation of obesity offers an alternative on the causes of this eating disorder. The psychodrama explanation of obesity is based around Fraud’s incept of problem behaviors in adult hood being due to unresolved conflicts that occurred during childhood development through the psychosocial stages with obesity being linked to unconscious desires of the oral phase. This could be caused by a lack of gratification in the oral stage or over gratification and both could lead to obesity. Evidence for the role of the ID (a structure of the unconscious mind that is concerned with gratifying needs) and oral fixation come from Grant and Borders who found that adult loneliness was a key issue in overeating for all Up’s. Furthermore, bused Up’s used food to ‘numb pain’ whereas non abused Up’s used it to recreate warmth and nurturing experienced in childhood that they missed in their lonely adult life. This shows the effect of both under and over gratification in the oral stage of psychosocial development. It seems that as an adult, emotional difficulties or trauma may lead to regression to the oral stage thus overeating. Eating may also result as a substitute for affection. However there are a few issues with this study; there was only a very small sample and the fact that the research was very sensitive means that the reliability of Up’s recall may be questionable. However, as with the behavioral approach, there are practical applications associated with the psychodrama approach for example it highlights the need for social support; if a person does not feel lonely at a time of emotional distress, it seems the regression back to the oral stage and thus overeating may not occur. In addition to social support, the psychodrama explanation of obesity highlights the cause which can then be used to treat obesity, which in this case is a symptom of a larger problem; Hereford there is optimism attached to this explanation as with the behaviorism approach. Furthermore, Rounded et al has also found a link between childhood abuse and obesity. They found that child sexual abuse is associated with a doubling of odds of obesity in a telephone sample of 4,641 women. However once again there are methodological issues regarding this research as it is geocentric so cannot be generalizes to the wider population of both men and women- it lacks population validity. There is also further supportive evidence from Williamson et al who found NY form of abuse can lead to an increased chance of obesity showing regression into childhood and the oral phase in order to find missed gratification. However, there are many issues regarding the psychodrama approach including the fact that it cannot be investigated scientifically using the features of science that psychology attempts to follow. It is speculative in nature and based on philosophy of the mind rather than scientific fact. Therefore the validity and reliability of the explanation of obesity is very low. It can never be scientifically proven due to its nature so will How to cite Discuss psychological explanations of one eating disorder, Essays

Spot of Attraction of Bondi Beach Sydney in Australia †MyAssignmenthe

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Marketing Spot of Attraction of Bondi Beach Sydney. Answer: Introduction The objective of this report is to find out the effectiveness of any event in a popular place of attraction in Sydney. For this purpose, the discussion will evolve with the place of attraction named Bondi Beach and the specified event to take place there as Yoga event by SPEEDO Fitness Club. This event will be in the nature of a workshop which will emphasize on the health awareness of the visitors of Bondi Beach, Sydney and the members of the health club. The procedure of enlisting the visitor will be through online registration. This type of event has prime objective to make the brand popular with the secondary objective of conducting the event under the portfolio of social corporate responsibility(Brandyoubrilliant, 2014). The effectiveness of this type event can only be reviewed after doing necessary research in the form of SWOT analysis. This analysis can guide the organizer to assess the internal and external factors which can determine the success of the event. As per the evalu ation through SWOT analysis, this report will include recommendations which can give the event more impetus on the target audience(Paradisevalley, 2017). The Location of Attraction- Bondi Beach Bondi Beach is considered as one the great beaches of the world so far its beauty and attraction to the visitors are concerned. This beach is featured with the ocean and land meeting as the Pacific Ocean and is presented with its lively grandeur of foaming swells and beautiful sand. This beach is open for all people irrespective of their financial or cultural status and is reckoned as the closest beach of the Pacific with its location nearest to the city centre with the distance of 8 Kilo Meters only. This beach is crowned with consistent flow of good waves with crowd gathering round the year. The average temperature of water is moderately maintained with environmental friendly ambience of 21 degree Celsius. In case of the sea is volatile, there is provision of user friendly sea baths of saltwater which are available at both end of the beach(Lonelyplanet, 2016). This beach is crowded throughout the year by thousands of travelers, right from backpackers to billionaires. This one Km wide beach is good for walking, jogging, enjoying sea and sun bathing. This beach is famous for hosting different types of events round the year including health awareness programs, community art shows, winds kite flying festival or sea surfing. It is famous for celebrating Christmas day, during Australian summer by the families and the travelers. The New Years Eve is also a phenomenal occasion for this beach when the travelers can enjoy fabulous display of local fireworks. During the winter, Bondi beach is providing facilities like ice skating rink which is being built as part of the Bondi Winter Magic Festival(Smith, 2017). Normally the events take place in the centre of Bondi Pavilion Community Centre which is with the facilities of an auditorium and exhibition gallery with the added attraction of outdoor amphitheatre(Australia, 2017). This is the place of discussion which is reckoned as the place of attraction of Sydney, New South Wales, Western Australia. The Event-Yoga 101- Speedo Fitness Club Workshop Brief description This practice was started in Asia around 5,000 years ago with continuity for developing by integrated interference into Western Culture for last half of the erstwhile century. This program will provide the basic concept of philosophy and the knowledge for better living through the stressed life of present livelihood. This event is meant for the target audience of interested community from the age group of 30 and beyond. This is a one-day event taken care by the sponsor Speedo, the internationally renowned sports gear manufacturer. The duration of the event is for three hours from 1PM to 4 PM AEST. This program is free for the members of the club while for non-members the subscription is fixed as AUD 20. The venue of the program is at Speedo Fitness Club, Bondi Beach, The Pacific, Level B1, 180, Campbell Parade, Sydney, NSW 2026, Australia(Mytag, 2016). Features Main emphasis will be given on different activities of Yoga to enhance the physical ability along with flexibility for the participants. The 3 hour event will consist of the following activities: Pranayama- The concept of easing the process of respiration with controlled system, as prescribed by the Yoga gurus(Wherevent, 2017). Enhancement of physical ability and flexibility- The program will enhance overall ability with flexibility for people from all walks of life with increased flexibility and ability for important body joints. Meditation- This program will extend few simple routes to keep the mind in quietness with ultimate stillness to start the process of meditation practice to ensure focusing and clarity of mind. Traditional Chinese Medicine Meridian Lines- this program will facilitate the process of learning by the participants some basic Meridian channel which is running through the body. This program will also highlight how the Yin practice can be able to cleanse with removal of any blockages and stored toxins within the body(Eventbrite, 2016) SWOT Analysis This analysis is preferred to ensure the level of success or failure of such events by the organizer. Out of SWOT elements, strengths and weaknesses are depending upon the internal factors which can be controlled by the organizers. Opportunities and threats are external factors which are not within the control of the organizers and they have to wait for that situation which can be detrimental for such occurrence. Internal Factors: Strengths Strong brand name of the organizer Regular performance organized by the promoter Steady strength of members and target audience Good experience of organizing such events Weaknesses Improper promoting style Lack of awareness raised within the community by the organizer Need of follow up events required Membership fee External factors: Opportunities Event is unique Mass attraction is possible Money will not be the criteria Social awareness may be raised Threats Insufficient participation as per benchmark level Proactive Competitors Unsatisfactory awareness level of participants Improper mode of training Recommendations The recommendations for this event are inherent in its SWOT analysis. They are appended below: The event is to be organized in such way that most of the members of Speedo Fitness Club ensure their participation in the event. The rate of subscription for non-members should be lesser. Trainers should be of good experience. Proper strategy ofmarketing of this event is to be done through social media. Continuance of such program is expected to ensure that it is not one time affair. With the above recommendations, the event can prove its worth for the community. This event is mainly for the release of stress of mind with additional physical fitness for the people, as projected by the brochure. This type of event should be followed by other activities in micro level with different layer of activities for the participants. The event is mainly promising to the community with the objective of serving corporate social responsibility; hence, no priority should be emphasized on profit making(Speedofitness, 2017). Conclusion The event will take place on 2nd September, 2017 in the venue of Bondi Beach, Sydney. These types of events are less popular as they are not providing any cultural and festivity atmosphere for the participants. Instead, they are mainly emphasized with better lifestyle for the participants. As the organizer, Speedo Health Club is famous for these types of events for the community. Hence, the success of such event can be ensured with their network. The network itself exists within the organization through its members. Good promotion can be made through them with the assurance of expected level of participation. This event is meant for members who are seeking for relief from the tension and stress of their daily life. Hence, they will participate to know the best way to get rid of those vices of daily life. A goodmarketing strategy for this program will be ensured through proper SWOT analysis with the respective recommendations to be strategized by the organizer. Bondi beach is one of t he best attractions in Sydney with its natural resources featured with its inherent characteristics. People are coming there for their leisure time. Out of them, people seeking for better lifestyle through conventional system of Yoga can join this event to make this event successful and make precedence for the future generation, as well. References: Australia. (2017). Discover Bondi Beach. Retrieved September 01, 2017, from Australia: https://www.australia.com/en-in/places/nsw/nsw-bondi-beach.html Brandyoubrilliant. (2014, June 04). The Four Basic Principles of Marketing and Their Role in an Effective Marketing Strategy. Retrieved September 01, 2017, from Brandyoubrilliant: https://www.brandyoubrilliant.com/the-four-basic-principles-of-marketing-and-their-role-in-an-effective-marketing-strategy/ Eventbrite. (2016). Yoga 101 - An SFC Workshop. Retrieved September 01, 2017, from Eventbrite: https://www.eventbrite.com.au/e/yoga-101-an-sfc-workshop-tickets-36994559724?aff=es2 Lonelyplanet. (2016). Bondi Beach. Retrieved September 01, 2017, from Lonelyplanet: https://www.lonelyplanet.com/australia/sydney/attractions/bondi-beach/a/poi-sig/1242450/362319 Mytag. (2016). Speedo Fitness Club. Retrieved September 01, 2017, from Mytag: https://www.mytag.club/p/speedo_fitnessclub Paradisevalley. (2017, April 12). Principles of Marketing : SWOT Analysis. Retrieved September 01, 2017, from Paradisevalley: https://paradisevalley.libguides.com/c.php?g=568936p=3920747 Smith, S. (2017, July 24). Top 10 Things To Do And See At Sydney's Bondi Beach. Retrieved September 01, 2017, from Theculturetrip: https://theculturetrip.com/pacific/australia/articles/the-top-10-things-to-do-and-see-at-bondi-beach/ Speedofitness. (2017). Speedo. Retrieved September 01, 2017, from Speedofitness: https://www.speedofitness.club/ Wherevent. (2017). Speedo Fitness Club Bondi Beach. Retrieved September 01, 2017, from Wherevent: https://www.wherevent.com/detail/Speedo-Fitness-Club-YOGA-101-An-SFC-Workshop